Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 14، number In Volume 8، November 2021 ، issue Number 66

Stylistics of the poems of Persian-speaking women of the Indian subcontinent from the 8th to the 11th century (Ilkhans and Timurids)

Maryam Ghafourian , Nasrollah Pourmohammadi Amlashi (Author in Charge)

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the relatively large number of women in the subcontinent, their poems are less considered as an independent identity in the history of literature and stylistics and literary criticism. Sometimes they are mentioned in the memoirs without mentioning any verses. This study aims to introduce the Persian-speaking women poets of the subcontinent in the era of the Mongols and the Timurids, to study the stylistics of their poems.

METHODOLOGY: This article is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

FINDINGS: The biographers mention 54 female poets in the subcontinent, some of whom are courtiers. Among these poets, only Ziba al-Nisa, nicknamed the "secret" of Diwani, contains verses, and the number of poems left by women poets of the subcontinent (including the verses of Ziba al-Nisa: 4025 bits) is 4218 bits. It is attributed to two women poets.

CONCLUSION: From an intellectual point of view, due to the high frequency of lyric form in the poems of quasi-continental women poets, the subject of love and its belongings is in the first place and subjects such as mysticism, description, etc. are also seen in their poems. One of the most important and innovative intellectual topics in the poems of these poets is the emphasis of biographers on women"s poetry and self-evidentness and complaining about the aging of their husbands. From a linguistic and literary point of view, the poems of the women of the subcontinent are lacking in expression and innovation and are based on imitation. The language of poetry in the poems of subcontinental women is masculine, imitative, repetitive and lacks poetic identity and feminine sensory issues. Innovation, critical view of society and reference to gender and personal life are not reflected in their poems and imitation of poets. The former has caused repetition of images and lack of creativity and artistic creation in their poetry.

Keyword
Stylistics , Parsisra women , Indian subcontinent , 8th-11th century

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